World Economy

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Public debt as a structural feature of modern economies

Public debt is often portrayed as a sign of fiscal weakness or poor governance, but in reality, it has become a structural feature of modern economies. Far from being a temporary expedient, sovereign borrowing is now embedded in the way states manage growth, stability, and social welfare. Understanding why debt evolved from an emergency tool …

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Interest rates at a turning point between restriction and relief

Global monetary policy is entering a new phase after several years of aggressive tightening. From Washington to Frankfurt and London, central banks that once raced to raise interest rates to combat surging inflation are now pausing and signaling a shift toward easing. This transition marks a critical moment for economies, businesses, and households worldwide. For …

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Corporate accountability and supply chains: the next frontier in global compliance

In today’s interconnected world, corporate responsibility is no longer confined within national borders. As global supply chains grow more complex, so too does the demand for transparency, ethical sourcing, and environmental stewardship. The next frontier in global compliance is not just about what companies do within their own walls, but how they manage and monitor …

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From data to action: what the 2025 MPI reveals about poverty and climate vulnerability

The 2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report presents a compelling narrative: poverty and climate vulnerability are no longer separate challenges – they are deeply intertwined. As the report states, “poverty, once seen as mainly a standalone socioeconomic concern, is now inextricably linked with planetary pressures.” The MPI, developed by the United Nations Development Programme …

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Green promises, harsh reality: only 16% of European companies deliver

In recent years, European companies have made ambitious climate pledges, aligning with the EU’s Green Deal and global net-zero targets. Yet, behind the polished sustainability reports and public commitments lies a sobering truth: only 16% of the continent’s largest firms are currently on track to meet their net-zero goals by 2050. This stark figure reveals …

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How trade policy volatility threatens financial stability and economic growth

In an increasingly interconnected global economy, trade policies serve as critical levers for shaping economic outcomes. However, when these policies become unpredictable or subject to frequent change – what economists refer to as trade policy volatility – they can pose significant risks to both financial stability and long-term economic growth. This volatility undermines investor confidence, …

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Emerging markets in 2025: Stronger growth amid global uncertainty

Despite global uncertainty caused by trade tensions, inflation concerns, and geopolitical shifts, emerging economies are showing signs of stronger growth and stability. Countries like India, Brazil, Vietnam, and South Africa are leading the way, supported by solid fundamentals and strategic reforms. According to recent forecasts, emerging markets are expected to grow by around 3.7% in …

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From city to summit: Local authorities showcase SDG progress and demand representation

Cities and regional governments are becoming key players in driving sustainable development. At the 2025 Local and Regional Governments Forum (LRGF), held during the United Nations High-Level Political Forum (HLPF), local leaders from around the world came together to share their progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to ask for a stronger voice …

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Integration and strengthening of the European financial market

The integration and strengthening of the European financial market remain critical priorities as the European Union aims to build a more unified, efficient, and competitive capital market. Despite decades of progress since the Treaty of Rome and the Financial Services Action Plan of 1999, significant fragmentation persists in Europe’s capital markets. This fragmentation limits cross-border …

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Global Trade: H1 2025 resilience amid policy & geopolitical challenges, UNCTAD Reports

In its July 2025 Global Trade Update, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) reported that global trade showed unexpected resilience in the first half of the year. This occurred despite significant headwinds stemming from policy uncertainty and geopolitical tensions. According to the report, trade expanded by approximately $300 billion during this period. …

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