World Economy

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Public debt as a structural feature of modern economies

Public debt is often portrayed as a sign of fiscal weakness or poor governance, but in reality, it has become a structural feature of modern economies. Far from being a temporary expedient, sovereign borrowing is now embedded in the way states manage growth, stability, and social welfare. Understanding why debt evolved from an emergency tool …

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Interest rates at a turning point between restriction and relief

Global monetary policy is entering a new phase after several years of aggressive tightening. From Washington to Frankfurt and London, central banks that once raced to raise interest rates to combat surging inflation are now pausing and signaling a shift toward easing. This transition marks a critical moment for economies, businesses, and households worldwide. For …

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Corporate accountability and supply chains: the next frontier in global compliance

In today’s interconnected world, corporate responsibility is no longer confined within national borders. As global supply chains grow more complex, so too does the demand for transparency, ethical sourcing, and environmental stewardship. The next frontier in global compliance is not just about what companies do within their own walls, but how they manage and monitor …

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